Lenguaje, memoria de trabajo, flexibilidad cognitiva, y sus afectaciones en niños diagnosticados con trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión sistemática

Language, Working Memory, Cognitive Flexibility, and their Impairments in Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Systematic Review

Publicado 2025-09-11

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Vol. 12 Núm. 1 (2025): Revista Búsqueda Vol. 12 Núm. 1 (2025)
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Hoyos Gómez, I. ., & Cardona Aguirre , A. . (2025). Lenguaje, memoria de trabajo, flexibilidad cognitiva, y sus afectaciones en niños diagnosticados con trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión sistemática. Búsqueda, 12(1), 52-68. https://doi.org/10.21892/01239813.692
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https://doi.org/10.21892/01239813.692
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     Licencia Creative Commons

Búsqueda” está distribuida bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional. 

Basada en una obra en http://revistas.cecar.edu.co/index.php/busqueda.

Objetivo: El presente artículo de revisión teórica tiene como objetivo analizar las afectaciones del lenguaje, la memoria de trabajo y la flexibilidad cognitiva en niños diagnosticados con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), a partir de las diferentes disciplinas, metodologías, categorías y preguntas que han motivado a los diferentes investigadores a conocer sobre las diferentes dificultades que presenta esta población. Método: Se optó por realizar una revisión sistemática basada en el protocolo PRISMA, seleccionando 50 artículos publicados en diferentes bases de datos entre los años 2019 y 2024. La muestra incluyó estudios que analizaron a niños con TEA, con edades comprendidas entre los 3 y los 12 años, tanto hombres como mujeres y con diagnósticos clínicos confirmados. Resultados: Los hallazgos más significativos evidencian que la comunicación social, el nivel pragmático del lenguaje, la memoria de trabajo y la flexibilidad cognitiva son áreas especialmente afectadas en esta población, comprometiendo su capacidad de interacción social y adaptación a nuevos entornos. Se identificaron diversas intervenciones terapéuticas y educativas, destacando la importancia de aquellas centradas en el desarrollo del lenguaje y las funciones ejecutivas, aunque con resultados mixtos. Conclusiones: Se concluye que, aunque se han realizado avances en el campo, son necesarios más estudios que integren de manera multidisciplinaria estos temas, especialmente en el contexto latinoamericano.

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